### 架构图![image-20220927101530946](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202209271015044.png) | 主机名 | 主机IP | | :------------------: | :------------: | | nginx1(主) | 192.168.110.11 | | nginx2(备） | 192.168.110.12 | | nginx web1 | 192.168.110.13 | | nginx web2 | 192.168.110.14 | | tomcat1 | 192.168.110.15 | | tomcat2 | 192.168.110.16 | | mysql1(主从) | 192.168.110.17 | | mysql2（主从） | 192.168.110.18 | | nfs（reync+sersync） | 192.168.110.19 | ### 网卡配置 ``` cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ vim ifcfg-ens33 service network restart 动态 dhcp 静态 static ``` ### 配置yum源脚本 ``` #!/bin/bash #本地源 mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ ls /mnt/ mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* ll /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/ echo "[local] name=local baseurl=file:///mnt enable=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///mnt/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7" > /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo yum clean all yum list yum repolist wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ yum clean all yum list ``` ### 数据库5.7安装（17-18） ``` #首先清除环境 yum remove mariadb-libs -y yum install wget -y #下载安装包 wget https://repo.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz #创建用户和用户组 useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin #数据存储目录 mkdir -p /data/mysqldata #创建日志目录 mkdir -p /var/log/mysql #设置权限 chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysqldata chown mysql:mysql -R /var/log/mysql #增加环境变量 echo "export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" >>/etc/profile source /etc/profile echo "正在解压" #解压包 cd /usr/local/ tar -xf mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz #解压完目录放到软件目录位置 mv mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql #设置目录权限 chown mysql:mysql -R /usr/local/mysql yum install -y libaio #初始化数据库 mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata #配置文件 echo " [mysqld] user=mysql basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/data/mysqldata #server_id=6 log-error=/var/log/mysql/error.log slow_query_log = on long_query_time = 2 slow-query-log-file = /var/log/mysql/slow.log port=3306 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock [mysql] socket=/tmp/mysql.sock prompt=淋[\\d]> " >/etc/my.cnf #启动 cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chmod a+x /etc/init.d/mysqld /etc/init.d/mysqld start #查看端口 netstat -lnp|grep 330 chkconfig --add mysqld #修改密码 mysqladmin -uroot -p password update mysql.user set host='%' where user='root'; ``` ## 数据库多实例安装 #### 1.关闭原有数据库， systemctl stop mysqld #### 2.备份原有的my.cnf文件 cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak #### 3.创建各个数据库实例所需目录。 mkdir -p /data/3307/data #### 4.准备各个实例的配置文件： ``` cat > /data/3307/my.cnf < grant replication slave on *.* to repl_user@"%" identified by "123456"; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) ``` #### 查看主库当前状态 ``` mysql> show master status; ``` #### 配置从库 修改从库server_id不能与主库相同 重新生成auto.cnf文件 ```shell [root@mysql02 ~]# cp /data/mysqldata/auto.cnf /opt/auto.cnf.bak [root@mysql02 ~]# rm -rf /data/mysqldata/auto.cnf ``` ```shell [root@mysql02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf server_id=2 #改成了2 port=3306 socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock relay-log=/data/relay-log/relay-log relay-log-index=/data/relay-log/relay-log.index [root@mysql02 ~]# mkdir -p /data/relay-log [root@mysql02 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/relay-log ``` 重启生效 ```shell [root@mysql02 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld ``` #### 建立主从连接 从机上 即使重启从机的mysql服务后，而不会影响主从 ``` mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.110.17', MASTER_USER='repl_user', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=594, Master_Port=3306, MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10; ``` ``` mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.110.17', MASTER_USER='repl_user', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=594, Master_Port=3307, MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10; ``` #### 开启主从复制并查看状态 ``` #在从机上操作 mysql>start slave; mysql>show slave status\G ``` ![](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202209271934670.png) ![image-20221004003325430](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202210040033486.png) ![image-20221004003341936](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202210040033981.png) #### 验证主从复制 ##### 主库上 ``` mysql> create database class charset utf8; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> use class Database changed mysql> create table teacher ( id int, name varchar(12), age char(6)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec) mysql> insert into teacher values(1,'zhangs',16); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.15 sec) ``` ##### 从库上 ``` show databases; use class select * from class.teacher; ``` #### 如果发生了报错（5.7数据库） ``` 在从库作stop slave时报： error: ERROR 1794 (HY000): Slave is not configured or failed to initialize properly. You must at least set --server-id to enable either a master or a slave. Additional error messages can be found in the MySQL error log. 删除5张表，并重新导入脚本 use mysql drop table slave_master_info; drop table slave_relay_log_info; drop table slave_worker_info; drop table innodb_index_stats; drop table innodb_table_stats; (2)重新启动数据库 systemctl restart mysqld ``` # nginx(主备搭建)（11-12） ``` 编译安装 [root@nginx1 ~]# useradd -r nginx -s /bin/false [root@nginx1 ~]# cd /opt [root@nginx1 opt]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz [root@nginx1 opt]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz && cd nginx-1.20.1 [root@nginx1 nginx-1.20.1]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ automake openssl openssl-devel make pcre-devel gd-devel glibc-devel 在centos7.6里面是没有该安装包，需要配置网络源进行安装 [root@nginx1 nginx-1.20.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/nginx.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --modules-path=/usr/local/nginx/modules --with-select_module --with-poll_module --with-threads --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-stream [root@nginx1 nginx-1.20.1]# make && make install 启动nginx [root@nginx1 nginx]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx [root@nginx1 nginx]# nginx nginx: [emerg] getpwnam("nginx") failed # [root@nginx1 nginx-1.20.1]# nginx 检验nginx是否正常运行 [root@nginx1 nginx-1.20.1]# ps -ef |grep nginx nginx 常用命令： 启动：直接运行nginx主程序 重启：nginx -s reload 关闭：nginx -s stop 检查配置文件是否有错：nginx -t 显示版本：nginx -v 查看nginx版本与编译情况： nginx -V ``` ``` 报错解决 [root@nginx2 ~]# nginx -s reload nginx: [error] open() "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" failed (2: No such file or directory) /usr/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ``` # nginx web(1-2)博客论坛搭建 #### 编译安装php 安装epel源。 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo ``` #安装依赖 yum install autoconf gcc libxml2-devel openssl-devel curl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libXpm-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel make ImageMagick-devel libssh2-devel gcc-c++ cyrus-sasl-devel sqlite-devel oniguruma oniguruma-devel -y #下载php安装包 wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.28.tar.gz ``` ``` 编译安装php源码包： ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/php \ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \ --with-config-file-scan-dir=/usr/local/php/etc/php.d \ --disable-ipv6 \ --enable-bcmath \ --enable-calendar \ --enable-exif \ --enable-fpm \ --with-fpm-user=www \ --with-fpm-group=www \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-gd-jis-conv \ --enable-gd-native-ttf \ --enable-inline-optimization \ --enable-mbregex \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-mysqlnd \ --enable-opcache \ --enable-pcntl \ --enable-shmop \ --enable-soap \ --enable-sockets \ --enable-static \ --enable-sysvsem \ --enable-wddx \ --enable-xml \ --with-curl \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-xpm-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-gettext \ --with-iconv \ --with-libxml-dir \ --with-mcrypt \ --with-mhash \ --with-mysqli \ --with-pdo-mysql \ --with-pear \ --with-openssl \ --with-xmlrpc \ --with-zlib \ --disable-debug \ --disable-phpdbg #输出Thank you for using php 没有报错即为正常； make && make install ``` ``` #配置php所需要配置文件 cp /opt/php-7.4.28/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /usr/local/php/php-fpm #php主程序 chmod a+x /usr/local/php/php-fpm cp /opt/php-7.4.28/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf ``` ``` 添加用户 useradd www -s /sbin/nologin 启动php服务： /usr/local/php/php-fpm start 出现done字样，表示php启动成功。 ``` #### 验证php是否成功 ``` 修改nginx主配置 vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf [root@sjk1 conf]# cat nginx.conf user nginx; worker_processes auto; worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx.log info; pid logs/nginx.pid; events{ use epoll; multi_accept on; worker_connections 65535; } http{ include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; include vhost/*.conf; } ``` ``` 1.创建虚拟主机配置文件存放目录 [root@nginx1 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf [root@nginx1 conf]# mkdir vhost 2.拆分主配置文件 [root@nginx1 conf]# cat >vhost/web.conf <vhost/blog.conf <>/www/web/index.html [root@nginx1 conf]# echo "welcome to blog-server" >>/www/blog/index.html [root@nginx1 conf]# cat /www/web/index.html welcome to web-server [root@nginx1 conf]# cat /www/blog/index.html welcome to blog-server ``` ``` [root@nginx1 conf]# nginx -t #自带语法检查 nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful 平滑重启nginx服务 [root@nginx1 conf]# nginx -s reload ``` 在网站是打开验证 http://192.168.110.13:8002/ http://192.168.110.13:8001/ ![image-20220927213345476](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202209272133536.png) #### 搭建discuz论坛 ``` 解压压缩包到将upload下面全部内容复制到/www/php/ 目录下 给权限 chmod -R 777 /www/php/ ``` ![image-20220921202851881](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202209272135190.png) vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/php.conf ``` [root@sjk1 vhost]# cat php.conf.bak server { listen 8006; server_name 192.168.110.162; charset utf-8; root /www/php; index index.html index.htm index.php; location ~* \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; } } ``` ### 搭建tomcat(15-16) #### 配置jdk 安装jdkjava运行环境 上传jdk-8u161-linux-x64.rpm软件包到base [root@base ~]#rpm -ivh jdk-8u161-linux-x64.rpm [root@base ~]#rpm -qpl /root/jdk-8u161-linux-x64.rpm #通过查看jdk的信息可以知道jdk的安装目录在/usr/java ``` 解压 tar -zxvf /opt/jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/java ``` ``` [root@base ~]#vim /etc/profile #在文件的最后添加以下内容： export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_191 export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar [root@base ~]#source /etc/profile #使配置文件生效 ``` 验证java运行环境是否安装成功： ``` [root@base ~]#java -version javaversion"1.8.0_191" ``` # 关闭防火墙安全协议！ ``` systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld setenforce 0 ``` # 安装tomcat ``` 下载安装包 [root@nginx opt]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.78/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.78.tar.gz 解压即用 [root@nginx opt]# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.78.tar.gz [root@nginx opt]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.78 /usr/local/tomcat [root@nginx opt]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/bin 启动tomcat [root@nginx bin]# ./catalina.sh start 验证是否启动成功 [root@nginx bin]# ps -ef |grep tomcat 或 [root@nginx bin]# netstat -ntpl |grep 8080 启动失败 ./catalina.sh:行504: /usr/local/jdk/bin/java: 没有那个文件或目录 添加软连接 ln -s /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_191/jre/bin/java /usr/local/jdk/bin/java 浏览器上访问：http://本机IP:8080 ``` ![image-20220927201846959](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202209272018036.png) #### 配置管理界面 创建管理Manger App用户 ``` [root@nginx1 ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml 49 #去掉注释 修改为如下， 或者 简单配置： ``` 重启tomcat ``` [root@nginx1 conf]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop [root@nginx1 conf]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start ``` 在浏览器登录：http://192.168.110.15:8080 ![image-20220526154154999](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202209272020697.png) #### 报错 可能会出现的问题： ![image-20220526154427921](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202209272020492.png) 解决方法如下： ``` [root@nginx1 local]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml 注释掉这段代码就可以了   或者改为 ``` tomcat8以上还要增加以下配置 ``` [root@nginx1 ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/Catalina/localhost /manager.xml 内容如下： ``` 重启tomcat # NFS搭建 #### 安装NFS： ``` yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind #启动rpc服务 systemctl start rpcbind systemctl enable rpcbind #启动NFS服务 systemctl start nfs systemctl enable nfs #nfs机(19) #修改配置文件 vim /etc/exports /opt/nfstest 192.168.245.*(rw) #创建目录 mkdir /opt/nfstest chmod 777 -R /opt/nfstest/ chown nfsnobody.nfsnobody -R /opt/nfstest/ #重启服务 systemctl restart nfs showmount -e 192.168.245.130 ``` ![image-20220928143404854](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202209281434913.png) #### 连接nfs服务 ``` #客户端挂载方法： mount -t nfs nfs服务端IP:/路径/ /本地路径 #挂载NFS服务的共享设备：(13,14,15,16) mount -t nfs 192.168.110.19:/opt/nfstest/ /opt/ #实现开机自动挂载NFS服务共享设备： vim /etc/fstab 192.168.110.19:/opt/nfstest /opt/web1 nfs defaults 0 0 192.168.110.19:/opt/nfstest /opt/web2 nfs defaults 0 0 192.168.110.19:/opt/nfstest /opt/web3 nfs defaults 0 0 192.168.110.19:/opt/nfstest /opt/web4 nfs defaults 0 0 ``` 挂载web1和web2服务器 ``` web1上执行： mount -t nfs 192.168.110.19:/opt/web1/ /www/ 192.168.110.19:/opt/web1 /www/ nfs defaults 0 0 web2上执行： mount -t nfs 192.168.110.19:/opt/web2/ /www/ 192.168.110.19:/opt/web2 /www/ nfs defaults 0 0 ``` ![image-20221006005107789](C:\Users\lin\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20221006005107789.png) ``` mount -t nfs 192.168.110.19:/opt/tomcat2/ /usr/local/tomcat/webapps ``` ``` [root@nfs web2]# showmount -e 192.168.110.19 Export list for 192.168.110.19: /opt/web2 192.168.110.* /opt/web1 192.168.110.* /opt/tomcat2 192.168.110.* /opt/tomcat1 192.168.110.* /opt/nfstest 192.168.110.* ``` # 安装keepalived 源码安装 ``` [root@sjk2 opt]# wget --no-check-certificate https://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-2.2.7.tar.gz 如果显示 wget: 无法解析主机地址 “www.keepalived.org” 或 [root@sjk2 opt]# ping www.keepalived.org ping: www.keepalived.org: 未知的名称或服务 原因是网卡配置IP不是动态是静态 cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@sjk2 network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33 [root@sjk2 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=dhcp #这里！ dhcp为动态 static为静态 ！一般为静态 DEVICE=ens33 IPADDR=192.168.110.163 ONBOOT=yes NETMASK=255.255.255.0 重启网卡 service network restart 解压安装编译 [root@sjk2 keepalived-2.2.7]# tar -zxvf keepalived-2.2.7.tar.gz [root@sjk2 keepalived-2.2.7]# cd keepalived-2.2.7 [root@sjk2 keepalived-2.2.7]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived yum -y install openssl-devel make && make install [root@sjk2 keepalived-2.2.7]# cp /opt/keepalived-2.2.7/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/ # 需要提前在/etc下创建keepalived目录 mkdir -p /etc/keepalived cd /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived [root@sjk2 keepalived]# ll 总用量 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3550 9月 23 17:28 keepalived.conf.sample drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 9月 23 17:28 samples [root@sjk2 keepalived]# mv keepalived.conf.sample keepalived.conf cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/ [root@sjk2 keepalived]# cp /opt/keepalived-2.2.7/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/keepalived 这样就可以执行service keepalived start | stop | reload | restart ]命令。 启动报“Starting keepalived: /bin/bash: keepalived: command not found”错误: 解决方案： cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ ``` ## mysql配置keepalived ``` ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id mysql1 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface ens33 mcast_src_ip 192.168.110.17 3306 virtual_router_id 51 priority 150 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.200.205 } virtual_server 192.168.200.205 3306 { delay_loop 2 lb_algo wrr lb_kind DR persistence_timeout 60 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.110.17 3306 { weight 3 notify_down /etc/keepalived/3306.sh TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 3307 } } } track_script { check_mysql1 } } vrrp_instance VI_2 { state BACKUP interface ens33 virtual_router_id 52 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.200.206 } track_script { check_mysql2 } } virtual_server 192.168.200.206 3307 { delay_loop 2 lb_algo wrr lb_kind DR persistence_timeout 60 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.110.17 3307 { weight 3 notify_down /etc/keepalived/3307.sh TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 3307 } } } vrrp_script check_mysql1 { script "/etc/keepalived/3306.sh" interval 5 } vrrp_script check_mysql2 { script "/etc/keepalived/3307.sh" interval 5 } ``` ##