## playbook

### 1、playbook概述

Ansible Playbooks 提供了一个可重复、可重用、简单的配置管理和多机部署系统，非常适合部署复杂的应用程序。如果您需要多次使用 Ansible 执行任务，请编写剧本并将其置于源代码控制之下。然后您可以使用 playbook 推送新配置或确认远程系统的配置。

### 2、Ansible playbook.与AD-Hoc的关系

1) playbook是AD-Hoc的一种编排方式。

2) playbook可以持久运行（重复），而Ad-Hoc只能临时运行。

3) playbook适合复杂的任务，而Ad-Hoc适合做快速简单的任务。

4) playbook能控制任务执行的先后顺序。

### 3、Ansible Playbook书写格式

playbook是由yaml语法书写，结构清晰，可读性强，所以心须掌握yml基础语法

| 语法   | 描述                                                         |
| ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| 缩进   | YAML使用固定的缩进风格表示层级结构，每个缩进由两个空格组成，不能使用tab |
| 冒号   | 以冒号结尾的除外，其他所有冒号后面所有必须有空格             |
| 短横线 | 表示列表项，使用一个短横杠加一个空格。多个项使用同样的缩进级别作为同一列表。 |



### 1. 安装Apache

```shell
[root@ansible1 opt]# mkdir /opt/playbook   # 建议playbook都放在一个目录里面，工程化
[root@ansible1 opt]# cd /opt/playbook/
[root@ansible1 playbook]# cat /opt/playbook/first.yml   # 严格要求格式，缩进(两个空格)
---
- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: install http
      yum: 
        name: httpd
        state: present
    - name: start server
      systemd: 
        name: httpd
        state: started
[root@ansible1 playbook]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check first.yml   # 语法检测

playbook: first.yml

# 可以使用网站检测工具检查语法是否错误
# https://www.bejson.com/validators/yaml_editor/
```

```shell
playbook执行语法：
ansible-playbook  -i 主机清单  playbook文件  -C 测试
[root@ansible1 playbook]# ansible-playbook -C /opt/playbook/first.yml   # 模拟执行
```

```shell
[root@ansible1 playbook]# ansible-playbook /opt/playbook/first.yml   # 正式执行
# 验证，浏览器输入远程主机的ip，成功如下图
```

![](https://note-1308251438.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/typora/202206071037631.png)

### 2. 不同web页面

#### **修改不同机子的html页面**

```shell
请补充操作
---
- hosts: 192.168.110.183
  tasks:
    - name: index.html1
      copy: content='this is a bad day' dest=/var/www/html/index.html
    - name: restart httpd1
      systemd: name=httpd state=restarted


- hosts: 192.168.110.182
  tasks:
    - name: index.html2
      copy: content='this is a good day' dest=/var/www/html/index.html
    - name: restart httpd2
      systemd: name=httpd state=restarted


# 语法检测        
[root@ansible1 playbook]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check first.yml 

playbook: first.yml

# 开始执行
[root@ansible1 playbook]# ansible-playbook /opt/playbook/first.yml

PLAY [192.168.110.183] *********************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************
ok: [192.168.110.183]

TASK [index.html1] *************************************************************
changed: [192.168.110.183]

TASK [restart httpd1] **********************************************************
changed: [192.168.110.183]

PLAY [192.168.110.182] *********************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *******************************************
.............
```

![image-20221022195123083](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202210221951143.png)

![image-20221022195135032](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202210221951068.png)



![](https://note-1308251438.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/typora/202206071037442.png)

### 3.paly多语法示例

```shell
请补充操作
---
- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: Installed Httpd server
      yum: name=httpd state=present

    - name: firewalld
      systemd: name=firewalld state=started enabled=yes

- hosts: 192.168.110.183
  tasks:
    - name: index.html1
      copy: content='this is a bad day' dest=/var/www/html/index.html
    - name: restart httpd1
      systemd: name=httpd state=restarted


- hosts: 192.168.110.182
  tasks:
    - name: index.html2
      copy: content='this is a good day' dest=/var/www/html/index.html
    - name: restart httpd2
      systemd: name=httpd state=restarted
```



### 4. 编写一个ansible搭建lamp和nfs

#### 3.1 lamp

```shell
请补充操作
 notify:
        - restart server
  handlers:
    - name: restart server
      service: name=tomcat state=restarted
需要使用notify和handlers
```

```php
[root@ansible1 playbook]# cat index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
    
# 浏览器打开输入ip/index.php，如下图
 ---
- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: php
      yum: name=php state=present
    - name: index.php
      copy: src=/opt/playbook/index.php  dest=/var/www/html/index.php
      notify:
        - restart httpd
    - name: restart httpd1
      systemd: name=httpd state=restarted enabled=true

  handlers:
    - name: restart httpd
      service: name=httpd state=restarted


 [root@ansible1 playbook]# ansible-playbook /opt/playbook/test.yml  

PLAY [all] *********************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************
ok: [192.168.110.183]
ok: [www.2lin.com]
ok: [www.1lin.com]
ok: [192.168.110.182]

TASK [php] *********************************************************************
changed: [www.2lin.com]
changed: [www.1lin.com]
................   
 
```

![image-20221022203147833](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202210222031883.png)



![](https://note-1308251438.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/typora/202206071644881.png)

![image-20221022203116592](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202210222031674.png)

![image-20221022203127654](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202210222031725.png)

#### 3.2 nfs

```yml
# 流程
# 1.安装
# 2.配置
#    组  nfsg
#    用户  nfs
#    共享文件夹 
# 3.启动

# web1组的机子做挂载源，挂去web2组的机子

请补充操作
---
- hosts: web1
  tasks:
    - name: yhl
      yum:
        name: nfs-util
        state: present
    - name: start nfs
      systemd: name=nfs state=started enabled=true     
    - name: nfst
      copy: content='/opt/nfstest  			192.168.110.*(rw)' dest=/etc/exports
  


---
- hosts: web2
  tasks:
    - name: yhl
      yum:
        name: nfs-util
        state: present
    - name: start nfs
      systemd: name=nfs state=started enabled=true     
    - name: nfst
      copy: content='/opt/nfstest  			192.168.110.*(rw)' dest=/etc/exports
    - name: mount
      file:
        path: /opt/nfstest
        user: nfs
        group: nfsg
        mode: '0777'
        state: directory
    - name: mount nfs
      mount:
        src: web1:/opt/
        path : /opt/nfstest
        fstype: nfs    
        state: mounted 



[root@ansible1 playbook]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check /opt/playbook/nfs.yml   # 语法检测

playbook: /opt/playbook/nfs.yml

[root@ansible1 playbook]# ansible-playbook -C /opt/playbook/nfs.yml   # 模拟执行
[root@ansible1 playbook]# ansible-playbook /opt/playbook/nfs.yml   # 正式执行
```

```shell
# 验证
[root@ansible3 ~]# df -h
文件系统                     容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3                     17G  2.3G   15G   14% /
devtmpfs                     903M     0  903M    0% /dev
tmpfs                        912M     0  912M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                        912M  8.7M  903M    1% /run
tmpfs                        912M     0  912M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0                     4.3G  4.3G     0  100% /mnt
/dev/sda1                   1014M  135M  880M   14% /boot
tmpfs                        183M     0  183M    0% /run/user/0
192.168.188.31:/opt/nfstest   17G  2.3G   15G   14% /opt
```

#### 3.3 一键部署discuz论坛

```
---
- hosts: 192.168.110.182
  tasks:
    - name: ye8
      copy: src=/opt/Discuz-X3.4-SC-UTF8-v20210816.zip dest=/opt
    - name: ye7
      unarchive: src=/opt/Discuz-X3.4-SC-UTF8-v20210816.zip  dest=/opt/discuz copy=no
    - name: y1
      shell: 'cp -r /opt/discuz/upload /var/www/html/discuz/'
    - name: y2
      shell: 'cd /var/www/html/discuz/upload  && chown apache:apache config data uc_client uc_server  -R '
    - name: http
      service: name=httpd state=restarted
    - name: mysql
      service: name=mysql state=restarted

   
```

```
---
- hosts: 192.168.110.182
  tasks:
     - name: install packages
       yum: name=libaio,perl-Data-Dumper,perl-Getopt-Long
     - name: my
       copy: src=/opt/mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz dest=/opt
     - name: create mysql
       group: name=mysql gid=306
     - name: create mysql user
       user: name=mysql uid=306 group=mysql shell=/sbin/nologin system=yes create_home=no home=/data/mysql
     - name: copy 
       unarchive: src=/opt/mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz dest=/usr/local owner=root group=root
     - name: mkdir /user/local/mysql
       file: src=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 dest=/usr/local/mysql state=link     
     - name: cj1
       file:
       path: "/data/mysql"
       state: directory
       owner: mysql
       group: mysql
       mode: 755
     - name: cj2
       file:
       path: " /var/log/mysql"
       state: directory
       owner: mysql
       group: mysql
       mode: 755
     - name: config my.cnf
       copy: src=/opt/my.cnf dest=/etc/my.cnf
     - name:
       shell: 'echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >>/etc/profile && source /etc/profile'
     - name: data dir
       shell: mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql   
     - name: systemctl
       shell: cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
     - name: service
       shell: systemctl start mysqld

```

```yml
请补充操作
yum安装
---
-hosts: all
 tasks: 
   -name: yum az
    yum: name={{ item }} state=resend
     with_items:
     - nginx
     - mysql
     - php
     - mariadb-server
     - tomcat
     - httpd
     - mariadb
     - php-mysql
  
  
编译安装
---
-hosts: all
 tasks: 
   -name: php
     shell: "bash /opt/php.sh"
   -name: mysql
     shell: "bash /opt/mysql.sh"     
   -name: nginx
     shell: "bash /opt/nginx.sh" 
    -name: tomcat
     shell: "bash /opt/tomcat.sh"   
```

作业：请用playbook编写lnmp和lnmT，nginx需要yum与编译安装  mysql需要yum与二进制安装



```
脚本如下
tomcat
#!/bin/bash
cd /opt && wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.78/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.78.tar.gz
tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.78.tar.gz
mv apache-tomcat-8.5.78 /usr/local/tomcat
cd /usr/local/tomcat/bin
./catalina.sh start
ps -ef |grep tomcat

php
#!/bin/bash
yum install httpd httpd-devel -y
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed 's/Listen 80/Listen 86/g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
systemctl  start  httpd.service
systemctl enable  httpd.service

nginx
#!/bin/bash
useradd -r nginx -s /bin/false 
cd /opt &&  wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz   &&  cd nginx-1.20.1
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ automake openssl openssl-devel make pcre-devel gd-devel  glibc-devel &> /dev/null
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx  --group=nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/nginx.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --modules-path=/usr/local/nginx/modules --with-select_module --with-poll_module --with-threads  --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module  --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module  --with-http_stub_status_module --with-stream
make && make install
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/nginx /usr/sbin/nginxnginx
nginx
ps -ef |grep nginx


mysql
#!/bin/bash
#mysql5.7安装
if [ ! -f mysql-boost-5.7.36.tar.gz ]
   then
     wget http://106.55.16.110/mysql/mysql-boost-5.7.36.tar.gz  /opt &> /dev/null
   else
     echo '二进制包已存在，跳过下载源码包步骤'
fi
yum -y install gcc-c++  ncurses   ncurses-devel cmake
cd /opt/ && tar -xf mysql-boost-5.7.36.tar.gz &> /dev/null
mv mysql-5.7.36  mysql
yum install openssl openssl-devel bison* libaio libaio-devel -y
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3366 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=0 -DWITH_BOOST=/opt/mysql/boost -DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=ON
make && make install
useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin
mkdir -p /data/mysql
mkdir -p /var/log/mysq
chown mysql:mysql -R /usr/local/mysql  /data/mysql  /var/log/mysql
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >>/etc/profile && source /etc/profile
echo "[mysqld]
user=mysql 
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql 
server_id=1
port=3366
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql] 
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock 
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysql.log 
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid" >/etc/my.cnf
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server.sh /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld  
systemctl start mysqld
```



### 变量

[官方文档变量](https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/playbooks_variables.html)



#### 1.变量概述

变量提供了便捷的方式来管理ansible项目中的动态值 

在ansible中，定义变量分为如下三种方式：

1.通过**命令行**进行变量定义

2.在**playbook文件**中进行定义变量

3.通过主机清单在主机组或单个主机中设置变量

 如果定义的变量出现重复，且造成冲突，优先级如下：

命令行定义的变量 >> playbook文件定义的变量 >> 主机清单定义的变量

#### 2.变量定义

##### 1.playbook的开头hosts下面通过vars进行定义

```shell
# 安装两个软件包使用变量方式
请补充操作过程与验证 
---
- hosts: 192.168.110.182
  vars:
    - web_package: httpd
    - zip_package: unzip
  tasks:
    - name: yhl
      yum:
        name:
          - "{{ web_package }}"
          - "{{ zip_package }}"
        state: present
~                      


```

![image-20221022215055421](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202210222150467.png)

##### 2.playbook中使用vars_files指定文件作为变量文件

**<font color='red'>这种方法的好处就是其他的playbook也可以调</font>**

```shell
#一定要是yml结尾的
/opt/playbook/vars.yml
web_package: httpd
zip_package: unzip

[root@ansible1 playbook]# vim 3.yml

---
- hosts: 192.168.110.182
  vars_files: /opt/playbook/vars.yml
  tasks:
    - name: yhl
      yum:
        name:
          - "{{ web_package }}"
          - "{{ zip_package }}"
        state: present
请补充操作过程与验证 
```

![image-20221022215327317](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202210222153368.png)

##### 3.在主机清单中定义变量

**主机变量优先级高于主机组变量(但是容易将环境弄的特别乱)**

```shell
请补充操作过程与验证 

#local3只能是web2群组的变量，其它群组不能使用
[test]
192.168.110.182
192.168.110.183

[yhl1]
192.168.110.182

[yhl2]
192.168.110.183

#playbook调用变量需要主机清单定义，否则报错
---
- hosts: yhl2
  tasks:
    - name: yhl
      yum: 
        name: 
          - "{{ local3 }}"

     				#路径调用变量的示例       
      
```

##### 4.host_vars和group_vars

**更好的方式是在ansible的项目目录中创建额外的两个变量目录，分别是host_vars和group_vars(一定名字是这两个不能改)**

**4.1、group_vars**

```shell
[root@ansible1 playbook]# grep -Ev "#|^$"  /etc/ansible/hosts
[web1]
web01 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.188.31
[web2]
web02 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.188.32
[server:children]
web1
web2
[root@ansible1 playbook]# mkdir /opt/playbook/host_vars
[root@ansible1 playbook]# mkdir /opt/playbook/group_vars

# group_vars目录下必须存放和主机清单文件中定义的组名一致，如下
[root@ansible1 playbook]# cat /opt/playbook/group_vars/server # 指定组来执行，在group_vars目录里创建对应的组名一致的文件，再编写内容，如果不符合，则报错
web_package: httpd
ftp_package: vsftpd
[root@ansible1 playbook]# cat /opt/playbook/p4.yml 
---
- hosts: server
  tasks:
    - name: Installed Packages
      yum: 
        name: 
          - "{{ web_package }}"
          - "{{ ftp_package }}"
        state: present 
[root@ansible1 playbook]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check /opt/playbook/p4.yml 

playbook: /opt/playbook/p4.yml
[root@ansible1 playbook]# ansible-playbook /opt/playbook/p4.yml


# 注意：系统提供了特殊的组，all，也就说在group_vars目录下创建一个all文件，定义变量对所有的主机都生效
```

4.2、**host_vars**

```shell
[root@ansible1 playbook]# grep -Ev "#|^$"  /etc/ansible/hosts
[web1]
web01 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.188.31
[web2]
web02 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.188.32
[server:children]
web1
web2
[root@ansible1 playbook]# cat /opt/playbook/host_vars/web01   # 指定机子别名来执行，在host_vars写对应的机名再写内容
web_package: zlib-static
ftp_package: zmap
[root@ansible1 playbook]# cat /opt/playbook/p5.yml 
---
- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: Installed Packages
      yum: 
        name: 
          - "{{ web_package }}"
          - "{{ ftp_package }}"
        state: present
[root@ansible1 playbook]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check /opt/playbook/p5.yml 

playbook: /opt/playbook/p5.yml
[root@ansible1 playbook]# ansible-playbook /opt/playbook/p5.yml
```

```shell
[root@ansible1 playbook]# grep -Ev "#|^$" /etc/ansible/hosts
[webservers]
web01 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.188.31 ansible_ssh_port=22
web02 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.188.32
[root@ansible1 playbook]# cat /opt/playbook/p6.yml   # 主机清单里面的也是变量
---
- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: touch file
      file: 
        path: /tmp/{{ ansible_ssh_port }}.txt
        state: touch
```

```shell
# 将原有Playbook中的变量覆盖掉，使其自行使用新的变量
[root@ansible1 playbook]# cat /opt/playbook/p2.yml 
---
- hosts: web2
  vars:
    - web_package: httpd
    - ftp_package: vsftpd
  tasks:
    - name:
      yum:
        name:
          - "{{ web_package }}"
          - "{{ ftp_package }}"
        state: present
[root@ansible1 playbook]# ansible-playbook /opt/playbook/p2.yml -e 'web_package=nginx'
```

```shell
# 变量优先级测试
#命令行变量--->play中的vars_files--->play中的vars变量-->host_vars中定义的变量--->group_vars/组--->group_vars/all
[root@m01 project1]# cat p5.yml 
---
- hosts: webservers
#  vars:
#    filename: play_vars
#  vars_files:
#    - ./vars.yml
  tasks:

    - name: Create 
      shell: mkdir -pv /tmp/{{ filename }}
      register: mk_test

    - name: debug
      debug: msg={{ mk_test }}
```

##### 5.**变量注册register**

```
register关键字可以将某个task任务结果存储至变量中，最后使用debug输出变量内容，可以用于后续排障

类似于命令行的$? 
```

**当我们需要判断对执行了某个操作或者某个命令后，如何做相应的响应处理，也就是说在ansible的playbook中task之间的相互传递变量**

```shell
[root@ansible1 playbook]# grep -Ev "#|^$"  /etc/ansible/hosts
[web1]
web01 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.188.31
[web2]
web02 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.188.32
[server:children]
web1
web2
[root@ansible1 playbook]# grep -Ev "#|^$" /opt/playbook/p7.yml 
---
- hosts: web1
  tasks:
    - name: Get Network Port Status
      shell: netstat -lntp
      register: net_port
    - name: OutPut Network Port Status
      debug:
        msg: "{{ net_port.stdout_lines }}"
        
# 第一个任务就是用shell模块，执行netstat
# 通过shell模块执行netstat，把这个执行结果传递给register
# 第三个任务，将第二个任务捕获到的结果，赋值给变量通过变量net_port调用register结果中stdout_lines

register应用场景小结
	用于调试配合bebug模块msg输出
	用于与when一起使用实现判断功能
```

```shell
# 变量也支持层级定义，使用"."可能会有问题，建议使用"[]"代替。
[root@m01 project1]# cat vars1.yml 
rainbow:
  web:
    web_package: httpd
    db_package: mariadb
    

code:
  web:
    filename: code_web_filename

	
[root@m01 project1]# cat p8.yml 
---
- hosts: webservers
  vars_files: ./vars1.yml
  tasks:
    - name: Install Package
      yum: name= "{{ rainbow['web']['web_package'] }}"

    - name: create filename
      file: 
        path: /tmp/{{ code.web.filename }}
        state: touch
```

##### 6. Facts 变量

`Ansible facts` 用来自动采集，”被控端主机“ 自身的状态信息。

比如: 主机名、IP地址、系统版本、CPU数量、内存状态、磁盘状态等等。

facts使用场景

1.通过facts检查cpu，来生成对应的nginx配置文件

2.通过facts检杳内存的情况，来设置tomcat的配置文件

3.通过facts检杳内存的情况来自定义mysql的配置文件



###### 1.1 facts的获取方法

被控节点的`facts`信息需要使用`ansible`的`setup`模块进行获取，使用`filter`参数可以过滤特定的`Facts`变量：

`facts`中的变量可以直接引用，无需获取。

通过系统采集获取变量。facts (setup模块)

```shell
# 获取被控主机的信息
请补充操作过程与验证 
ansible 192.168.110.182 -m setup
结果如下
# 模糊匹配，获取主机名
请补充操作过程与验证 
ansible all -m setup -a 'filter=*name'
结果如下
# 查看系统版本信息
请补充操作过程与验证 
ansible all -m setup -a 'filter=*version*'
结果如下
```

```shell
# 通过fact变量获取主机地址
请补充两种写法
方法一：
ansible all -m shell -a "ip -4 address show | grep inet | grep -v 127.0.0 | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d'/' -f1"
192.168.110.182 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    inet 192.168.110.182
www.1lin.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    inet 192.168.110.182
192.168.110.183 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    inet 192.168.110.183
www.2lin.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    inet 192.168.110.183

方法二：
---
- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: xx
      debug:
        msg: "this is '{{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }}'"

ansible-playbook /opt/playbook/1.yml
结果如下
```

![image-20221022205141133](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202210222051188.png)

![image-20221022205548597](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202210222055642.png)

![image-20221022205741776](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202210222057828.png)

![image-20221022210148027](https://ye5201314-1312898079.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202210222101080.png)



几个常用的facts

```
ansible_default_ipv4.adress		#默认的网卡IP
ansible_distribution			#系统发行版本名字	
ansible_memtotal_mb				#内存大小
ansible_processor_vcpus			#cpu个数
ansible_processor_cores			#cpu核心数
ansilbe_date_time.date			#时间
```

facts开启后会影响ansible主机的性能，如果没有采集被控端主机需求可选择关闭

```
#关闭信息采集,但模块不能使用facts采集的变量
请补充操作过程与验证 
     
```



**playbook安装一个memcached**

```python
# template:模块可以将带有参数的配置文件传递到目标地址
请补充操作过程与验证
---
- hosts: web1
  tasks: 
    - name: yum
      yum: name=libevent
    - name: memcached
    shell: "wget https://memcached.org/files/memcached-1.6.17.tar.gz"
    - name: 1
    shell: "cd /opt && tar -zxvf memcached-1.6.17.tar.gz "
    - name: 2
    shell: " ./configure  --prefix=/opt/memcached-1.6.17   --with-libevent=/opt/libevent-2.0.21-4"
     - name: 3
    shell: "make && make install"
    -name: 4
    shell: "/opt/memcached-1.6.17/bin/memcached  -d -m 1000 -u root -l 192.168.110.182 -p 11211 -c 256 -P /tmp/memcached.pid"
        
```

​